Invoice Management: Concepts

An invoice is an itemized list of goods or services for which a payment is due. Invoices are sent to your organization by the supplier who provided the goods or services. The Invoice Management module provides a central location for managing invoices.

Invoices and Commitments

You can associate invoices with a commitment. Commitments determine how the money from a particular activity and funding account is planned to be allocated. You can set aside funds to cover certain expenses. For example, you know that you need to have a brochure printed in two months. You know the cost will be approximately $5,000. You create a commitment for this expense. When you receive the invoice from the printer for this brochure, you tie the invoice to the commitment. The invoice is paid, and that amount is removed from the outstanding value of the commitment. For more information, see Commitment Management.

Example:
Your organization plans to attend a trade show in 6 months. The trade show organizers require your organization to sign a contract that states that you will pay the rental cost for the booth 3 weeks before the event. You create a commitment for this contract. The money is committed, but it has not been sent to the trade show organizers. A month prior to the event you receive an invoice for the specified amount. You associate the invoice with the commitment, the invoice is approved, and you pay the invoice. The outstanding balance for the commitment is zero, and the invoice is marked as paid. The commitment and invoice are reflected in the activity for the trade show and in the funding accounts for the activity.

You can configure an approval process for invoices. The approval process begins when the invoice is saved and submitted. After an invoice is approved, the amount can be changed only through using a journal voucher.

Design Considerations

Keep these considerations in mind when you create and maintain invoices.

Avoiding Double-Costing

Double-costing occurs when a single expense is counted twice. Your organization can use expense categories to track invoice expenses. However, the application provides several modules that allow you to enter activity-related expenses outside of an invoice:

  • Flight
  • Car Rental
  • Lodging
  • General Transportation
  • Miscellaneous T/E
  • Materials
  • Tasks

If an expense is added to more than one of these modules and an invoice contains the same expense, double-costing occurs.

If you use an external accounting system, the invoices and journal vouchers are the only expenses that are counted. Your external accounting system will not track the expenses associated with these modules. The double-costing would appear only in Aprimo.

Example:
You add an expense to the Flight module. You then receive and enter an invoice for the same flight. You enter the invoice in the Invoice Management module. The cost appears twice for the activity, even if the invoice is the only cost that is paid for the expense.

Configuring an Approval Process for Invoices

Your organization can configure an approval process for invoices. This allows users to review and approve an invoice before the invoice is applied to the associated activities and funding accounts.

The Invoice Approval system parameter setting determines which kind of approval process is used. This table describes the available system parameter options.

Review Type Description When to use
No

Choose No if an approval process is not required for your organization.

 
Yes - By Controlling Account Funding Account Contact

Multiple activities and multiple funding accounts might be associated with an invoice. Each activity has a single controlling account for a fiscal year. If an activity spans multiple fiscal years, it might contain more than one controlling funding account.

The owner for each associated controlling funding account must approve every invoice.

Yes - By Invoices Approval, Access Security Right (Pooled)

Invoices must be reviewed by a user who has the Invoice Approvals, Access right.

Your organization has a pool of financial administrators with the Invoice Approvals, Access right who are responsible for approving invoices. The users can perform approvals for invoices associated with their finance group.

Yes - By Invoices Approval, Authorization Rules

Invoices must be reviewed by one or more users. The approvers are determined by the Authorization Trees module and the Authorization Rules module configuration.

An authorization tree lists the users involved in the approval process, and defines the total amount that each user is authorized to approve.

An authorization rule contains criteria that determine which commitments are reviewed by the users in a specific authorization tree.

The total amount of the invoice determines which users in an authorization tree must review the invoice.

More than one user might review an invoice, depending upon the total amount of the invoice.

Yes - By Invoices Approval, Authorization Rules and Pooled

Similar to Yes - By Invoices Approval, Authorization Rules, but also determines whether the user can select No in the Final Approval Pooled field in an authorization rule.

The Final Approval Pooled field defaults to Yes and does not allow you to change the field.

The approval process begins when you submit the invoice. The reviewer can access it using one of these methods:

  • Click the link in the notification that is sent regarding the invoice.
  • Open the invoice in the Invoice Approvals module.
  • Open the invoice in the Invoice Approvals module in My Reviews.
  • Open the invoice in the Reviews Portal.

Using an Accounting Integration

If your company uses an external accounting system, you need to configure an integration using the Integration Workbench. This allows invoice information to pass between the application and the external accounting system.

Because your external accounting system stores unique information, you must create extended attributes to create the fields for this tab to accurately align the data.

For each accounting integration extended attribute that you create, the Accounting Integration tab on the funding account has a corresponding column.

In the funding account, each item is assigned a percentage. The total percentage must equal 100 percent. Each invoice uses the items you set up for accounting integration for a funding account. Each invoice is divided according to the funding account allocations you set up for the activity, and the items you set up on the Accounting Integration tab for a funding account. You can manually override the amounts for a particular invoice in the Invoice Approvals module.

The Accounting Integration Summary section is displayed for invoices with a status of Pending Payment, Rejected at Accounts Payable, or Paid. You might be required to be in the finance group for the activity with which the invoice is associated to view this section, depending on the setting for the Require Finance Group Access to view Accounting Integration Summary system parameter.

The external accounting integration enables the invoice amount to be entered automatically. You can override this amount if you have the System Administrator right. If you know the external system has received the invoice, but the external system does not return information noting the invoice has been paid, your system administrator can manually enter the paid date for the invoice, which sets the invoice status to Paid.

Key Fields

When you create a new invoice, the Invoice Lookup and Invoice Select tabs allow you to select an associated supplier and activity, or a commitment before you reach the details for the invoice.

Invoice Lookup

You associate each invoice with a supplier and an activity. The Invoice Lookup tab and the Invoice Select tab allow you to search for and to select the appropriate supplier and activity. If you choose to associate the invoice with a commitment, the activity and the supplier are automatically selected.

Notes:
  • If you create the invoice in an activity, the activity defaults to the activity from which you create the invoice.
  • The supplier list is limited to those suppliers that are associated with the finance group for the activity.

Each field on the Invoice Lookup tab is optional. You can choose a supplier by entering information in any of these fields, but you do not have to enter any information. You can continue to the Invoice Select tab for a list of suppliers from which to choose a supplier.

Supplier

For each field, enter as much information as you know. The fields you complete narrow the list of the suppliers you can associate with the invoice. The available fields depend on the Supplier Lookup Fields system parameter settings.

Activity

For each field, enter as much information as you know. The fields you complete narrow the list of the activities you can associate with the invoice. The available fields depend on the Activity Lookup Fields system parameter settings.

Commitment

Click the Search for Commitments check box on the Invoice Lookup tab to associate an invoice with an approved commitment. You can also associate an invoice with an approved commitment by searching for the commitment on the Details tab. Because a commitment is associated with a supplier and an activity, you do not need to select the supplier or the activity separately when you associate the invoice with a commitment.

When you finish making your selections, click Continue. You continue to the Invoice Select tab, even if you did not complete any information on this tab.

Invoice Select

You associate each invoice with a supplier and an activity. The Invoice Lookup tab and the Invoice Select tab allow you to search for and to select the appropriate commitment or supplier and activity. The options that you see on the Invoice Select tab depend on the fields that were completed on the Invoice Lookup tab.

Click the button next to the appropriate commitment or supplier and activity to select them. If you narrowed your selections on the Invoice Lookup tab, the commitment or supplier and activity might already be selected.

Notes:
  • If you create the invoice in an activity, the activity defaults to the activity from which you create the invoice.
  • The supplier list is limited to those suppliers that are associated with the finance group for the activity.

Click Select to apply the selections to your invoice. If you do not make a selection, you can choose the commitment or the supplier on the Details tab for the invoice.

Details

The Details tab contains several sections. You always see the Details and Invoice Items sections. The Accounting Integration Summary section appears if your company uses an accounting integration, and when the invoice has a status of Pending Payment, Rejected at Accounts Payable, or Paid. The Funding Account Summary section appears when you view an invoice from the Invoice Management list page, and only if the invoice has been paid.

Details

Field Description
Invoice Type

Choose the category assignment for the invoice.

The type you select might affect the additional tabs, sections, and fields that appear.

You create invoice types in the System Types module in System Tools.

Commitment ID

Choose the commitment to associate with the invoice.

Use one of these methods to search for a commitment:

  • Click to select the Search for Commitments check box on the Invoice Lookup tab.
  • Click the search button that appears next to the Commitment ID field on the Details tab of the invoice.

If your organization uses a commitment approval process, you can associate an invoice with an approved commitment.

The Commitment ID Required system parameter controls whether this field is required for your organization.

Supplier

Choose the active supplier to associate with the invoice.

Use one of these methods to search for a supplier:

  • Enter search criteria on the Invoice Lookup tab when you create a new invoice.
  • Click the filter button on the Details tab when you create or edit an invoice.

If the invoice is associated with a commitment, the supplier is selected and you cannot edit the supplier.

If the supplier for the invoice has not been added to the master list, you can create a new supplier from the Details tab when you create or edit an invoice.

If you cannot locate the supplier to associate with the invoice, one of these issues might exist:

  • The supplier exists in the master list but is inactive. In this situation, edit the supplier record in the master suppliers list and change the supplier to the Active status.
  • The supplier exists but is not in the same finance group as the activity or activities associated with the invoice.
Contact

Choose the contact for the supplier.

This is useful if the supplier has multiple locations or contacts.

Invoice Number

Type the unique invoice number for this invoice.

Each invoice you associate with the same supplier must have a unique number. The supplier that issues the invoice typically assigns this number.

Invoice Date

Choose the date that is on the invoice.

The invoice due date is determined by the invoice date, plus the amount of days entered in the Net field.

Date Received

Choose the date on which the invoice was received.

Total Invoice Amount

This field appears on the Approve Invoice - Details page.

It indicates the sum of the invoice items.

If the invoice currency is different from the base currency, the amount is displayed in both currencies.

Status

Choose the state of the invoice.

Currency Code

This field appears on the View Invoice - Details page.

It indicates the currency in which the invoice should be paid.

The currency for an invoice can be different from the currency for the activities with which the invoice is associated.

Scheduled Payment Fiscal Year

Choose the open fiscal year in which the invoice is to be paid.

If you create the invoice in an activity, the available fiscal years are limited to the fiscal years with which the finance group is associated.

Net

Type the number of days after the invoice is received that it must be paid.

The due date for the invoice is determined by the invoice date, plus the amount of days that are entered in the Net field.

Date Due

This field indicates the date by which the invoice must be paid.

This date is determined by the invoice date, plus the amount of days that are entered in the Net field.

Creator

Choose the user who created the invoice.

Owner

Choose the user who is responsible for the invoice.

Date Paid

This field indicates the date on which the invoice was paid. It cannot be a future date.

If your organization uses an approval process for invoices, you cannot complete this field unless the invoice is approved. If your organization uses an accounting integration, this field is read-only, and is updated automatically.

This field might be set to Yes automatically when the invoice is approved, depending on the Set Paid On Invoice Approval system parameter setting.

Invoice Statuses

Invoice Status Description
Draft

All invoices begin with the Draft status during which time it can be deleted. To proceed to another status, submit the invoice for approval.

Invoices associated with a commitment and that have a status of draft do not count against the commitment total until the invoice is submitted.

Pending Approval

After you submit an invoice for approval but is not yet approved, it has the Pending Approval status. While an invoice is pending approval, you can retrieve, cancel, or delete the invoice. The type of approval process your company has configured determines the wording of this field. The invoice can be either approved or rejected.

The invoice cannot be modified during this time except within the review by a user with the Invoice Approval, Edit right unless the approval is based on authorization rules.

Pending Payment

Once the invoice is reviewed and approved and the status is Pending Payment, any changes that impact the invoice amount or the funding account allocation can be reconciled using a journal voucher or by editing the invoice directly if you have the Invoice, Edit Paid right.

The invoice can progress to the Paid status by one of these methods:

  • If your company does not use an accounting integration, enter the date in the Date Paid field for the invoice.
  • If your company does use an accounting integration, the Date Paid field is populated automatically once the invoice has been paid.
  • The Set Paid on Invoice Approval system parameter is set to yes, so the Date Paid field is populated automatically when the invoice is approved.

When an invoice is pending payment, the financial status of the associated activity cannot be set to Locked.

Paid

Indicates the invoice has been paid.

You can edit a paid invoice directly if you have the Invoice, Edit Paid right, or by using a journal voucher.

Rejected

The type of approval process your organization has configured determines the wording of this field. If an invoice is rejected, you can choose to edit the invoice and resubmit it for approval. You can also choose to cancel or delete the invoice.

Rejected at Accounts Payable

If your company uses an accounting integration, this status might be set by the integration if an invoice is rejected. You can choose to edit the invoice and resubmit it for approval. You can also choose to cancel or to delete the invoice.

Canceled

You cannot edit a canceled invoice. You can delete a canceled invoice.

Invoice Items

Use this section to itemize the goods or services that were purchased from the supplier.

Field Description
Commitment Item

This field appears if you associate the invoice with a commitment.

It contains the items for the commitment to which you associated the invoice.

Fiscal Year

This field appears if you associate the invoice with a commitment.

It indicates the fiscal year associated with the selected commitment item.

Quantity

Type the quantity of the item.

The quantity is multiplied by the price to determine the total invoice item cost.

If the invoice is associated with a commitment, the quantity value is populated with the quantity value for the commitment items.

Price

Type the price for the item.

The price is multiplied by the quantity to determine the total invoice item cost.

If the invoice is associated with a commitment, the price value is populated with the price value for the commitment items.

If you manually enter the price, do not type commas or other whole number separators. To view the monetary values with comma separators, position the cursor over the field. The ScreenTip displays the amount with commas included.

Activity

This field appears if you access the invoice from outside of an activity.

Choose the activity to associate with the invoice item. The invoice item total is applied to the actual activity invoice costs.

If the invoice is associated with a commitment, this field is populated using the value from the commitment.

Expense Category

This field appears if the Expense Categories in Financials system parameter is set to Yes. Depending on the setting of the system parameter, the field might also be required.

Choose the expense category to associate with the invoice item.

If the invoice is associated with a commitment, the expense category defaults to the value for this field in the commitment items. You cannot change it unless the fiscal year for the commitment is different from the Scheduled Payment Fiscal Year field value for the invoice.

Funding Account

Choose the funding account to fund the invoice item.

If this field is set to Automatic, the funding account that is charged for the invoice item is determined by the configuration of the Funding Accounts section in the associated activity.

If this field contains a specific funding account, the account is associated with the entire invoice item amount even if this funding account is not on the activity funding account allocation.

Total

This field indicates the sum of the invoice items.

This value is calculated using the quantity and price information you enter for each invoice item.

Expense Categories in Invoices

An invoice item can be associated with an expense category to specify the purpose for which the funds are being used.

Notes:
  • The Expense Categories in Financials system parameter determines whether you can associate an invoice item with an expense category and whether it is required.
  • Activities can be funded by multiple funding accounts. If the activity selected for the invoice item is funded by multiple accounts, the expense category might determine which funding account is charged for the invoice item.
Example:
Suppose you receive an invoice from a supplier that lists these items:
  • 10 golf shirts with the corporate logo for employees to wear at a trade show booth
  • 350 pencils with the corporate logo to give away to prospective customers at a trade show booth
  • 75 binders for use at the customer conference
  • Creative fees for the design of the new corporate logo

These items could be associated with these expense categories:

Invoice ItemExpense Category

Golf shirts

Trade shows

Pencils

Trade shows

Binders

Customer conferences

Creative fees

Corporate Branding

Accounting Integration Summary

This section appears if your organization integrates with an external accounting system. If your company does use an accounting integration, this section appears for invoices that have a status of Pending Payment, Rejected at Accounts Payable, or Paid.

Funding Account Summary

This section displays the funding accounts that fund the invoice items based on the activity or activities for the invoice. The calculations use the exchange rate from the day each item was paid rather than the current exchange rate. You do not see this section if you access an invoice in an activity.

Additional Fields, Sections, and Tabs

Your system administrator can create additional fields for some objects and make them available for certain system types. Additional fields appear on the Details tab in the Additional Details section or in other sections or on other tabs that the system administrator creates.

For more information about an additional field, section, or tab, contact your system administrator. For more information about additional fields in general, see Additional Fields.

Approvals

The Approvals tab lists the users involved in the approval process. The functionality on this tab depends on the type of approval process that your organization has configured.

The setting of the Invoice Approval system parameter determines which kind of approval process is used.

If your company uses an approval process either by controlling funding account contact or by authorization rules that are not pooled, you can delegate the reviewers.

Notifications

In a default environment, no notifications will be sent to invite a reviewer, or to inform the creator that an invoice has been reviewed.
If you need to have a invoice approval process with automatically sent notifications, you need to set the following system parameters to Yes:

Notifications to creators and owners

As mentioned above, the invoice creator and the owner both get notified when an invoice is approved or rejected, if the parameter Invoice – Send Email Notification if Approved or Rejected is set to Yes.

The notification will contain the ID, supplier, activity, purchase order number, and amount of the invoice.

Options for notifications to reviewers

The system parameter Invoice Approval determines which user receives notifications:

Scenario Notification Content and Recipients
An invoice is created, and the approval process is by controlling funding account contact.

The notification contains the ID, supplier, activity, purchase order number, and amount of the invoice.

It is sent to the controlling funding account contacts for the activities associated with the invoice.

An invoice is created, and the approval process is based upon the Invoice Approval, Access right.

The notification contains the ID, supplier, activity, purchase order number, and amount of the invoice.

It is sent to the users with the Invoice Approval, Access right, except the user who created the invoice.

An invoice is created, and the approval process is based on authorization rules.

The notification contains the ID, supplier, activity, purchase order number, and amount of the invoice.

  • If the approval method is single, the notification is sent to the selected approver for the invoice, provided that, in the corresponding authorization tree, the Notification field is set to Yes for this approver.

  • If the approval method is sequential, the notification is sent to the first approver for the invoice, provided that, in the corresponding authorization tree, the Notification field is set to Yes for this approver. If the invoice is approved, the next approver is sent a notification, and so on, until the approval process for the invoice is complete.

For more information about authorization rules or trees, see Budget Allocation.

An approver is removed from the list of approvers, or a review is delegated to a different approver.

The notification contains the invoice details, with a message indicating the approver no longer needs to review the invoice.

It is sent to the affected approver, provided that, in the corresponding authorization tree, the Notification field is set to Yes for this approver.

An approver is added to the list of approvers, or is selected as a replacement reviewer.

The notification contains the ID, supplier, activity, purchase order number, and amount of the invoice.

It is sent to the selected approver, provided that, in the corresponding authorization tree, the Notification field is set to Yes for this approver. If the approval method is sequential, the notification is sent when it is the turn of the approver to review the invoice.